I was thinking in my car today, while eating and watching Carl Sagan on the classic T.V. show, Cosmos, about something he said.
He said this:
“If the general picture, however, of a big bang followed by an expanding universe is correct, what happened before that? Was the universe devoid of all matter and then the matter suddenly somehow created? How did that happen? In many cultures, the customary answer is that a God or gods created the universe out of nothing. But if we wish to pursue this question courageously, we must of course ask the next question, where did God come from. If we decide that this is an unanswerable question, why not save a step and conclude that the origin of the universe is an unanswerable question. Or, if we say that God always existed, why not save a step and conclude that the universe always existed? There is no need for a creation, it was always here. These are not easy questions. Cosmology brings us face to face with the deepest mysteries, with questions that were once treated only in religion and myth.”
The way Sagan said this in the show was more sincere than anything I’ve ever heard from Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens combined, while it is essentially the same thing being said.
I was thinking about this and I wondered if something could really always exist. Could the universe always have been around? Well, Cosmos was made in 1980 and so a lot of things have happened in 30 years. We know that there was a beginning of the universe. What this means is that at one point it did not exist. So we are left with the other option: the origin of the universe is an unanswerable question since we cannot conclude a creator created the universe. But scientifically this doesn’t make any sense. Every observable thing must be explained in some way. I may be wrong in thinking this, but who would disagree if we say that if some object fell from the sky there was an explanation for its plummet? The object falling at our feet, whatever it might be, must have some explanation for its appearance. This question is not unanswerable. Likewise, the origin of the universe must be answerable in some way.
Dawkins would say, “We are working on it.” Well until then, they must accept the multiverse hypothesis. (This is the idea that there is a multitude of other universes that are like cells that kind of emerge from one another. Each universe would have to have different physical laws. Ours happened to be one fit for life. Think of it as a slot machine: after so many tries, you are bound to win.)
But does this violate the principle in logic, Occam’s razor? This principle states that when we are given a problem, go with the solution that makes the fewest assumptions? With the multiverse hypothesis, we are making millions, maybe billions, if not infinite assumptions. Right away, if we have to make infinite assumptions, I’d rather not accept that hypothesis. Obviously the multiverse hypothesis is violating Occam’s razor because it makes so many (possible infinity) assumptions.
Sagan said that we should “save a step” and go with the easiest answer. Ah, that would either be that the universe has always existed (which we already discussed) or that there are billions and billions of universes. I am not even including that the universe just poped out of nothing as a possible answer. That makes absolutely no logical sense. Out of nothing, nothing comes. So it seems to me like whatever conclusion we come to for explaining the beginning of the universe, we are making pretty large claims. If we say that there are infinite universes (which there is no evidence for at all) as an explanation for the beginning of the universe, or if we say that God created the universe, either way we are making big claims.
However, I’d rather make one assumption than a billion or more. What is one step?
-Andrew